SCIENCE PAGE
5-essi: Earth's place in the universe
5-ESS1-1. Support an argument that differences in the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is due to their relative distances from Earth. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to relative distances, not sizes, of stars.]
A: The sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer. Stars range greatly in their
distance from Earth. (5-ESS1-1)
B: Earth and the Solar System: The orbits of Earth around the sun and of the moon around Earth, together with the
rotation of Earth about an axis between its North and South poles, cause observable patterns. These include day and
night; daily changes in the length and direction of shadows; and different positions of the sun, moon, and stars at
different times of the day, month, and year. (5-ESS1-2)
5-ESS1-2. Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in length and direction of shadows, day and night, and the seasonal appearance of some stars in the night sky. [Clarification Statement: Examples of patterns could include the position and motion of Earth with respect to the sun and selected stars that are visible only in particular months.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include causes of seasons.]
A: The sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer. Stars range greatly in their
distance from Earth. (5-ESS1-1)
B: Earth and the Solar System: The orbits of Earth around the sun and of the moon around Earth, together with the
rotation of Earth about an axis between its North and South poles, cause observable patterns. These include day and
night; daily changes in the length and direction of shadows; and different positions of the sun, moon, and stars at
different times of the day, month, and year. (5-ESS1-2)
5-ESS1-2. Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in length and direction of shadows, day and night, and the seasonal appearance of some stars in the night sky. [Clarification Statement: Examples of patterns could include the position and motion of Earth with respect to the sun and selected stars that are visible only in particular months.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include causes of seasons.]
|
EARTH'S ROTATION AND THE SUN
|
THE SUNS PATTERNS & SHADOWS
|
|
|
|
STARS AND CONSTELLATIONS IN THE NIGHT SKY
|
|
|
5-ESS2: Earth's Systems
5-ESS2-1. Develop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact. [Clarification Statement: Examples could include the influence of the ocean on ecosystems, landform shape, and climate; the influence of the atmosphere on landforms and ecosystems through weather and climate; and the influence of mountain ranges on winds and clouds in the atmosphere. The geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere are each a system.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to the interactions of two systems at a time.]
A. Earth’s major systems are the geosphere (solid and molten rock, soil, and sediments), the hydrosphere (water and ice),
the atmosphere (air), and the biosphere (living things, including humans). These systems interact in multiple ways to
affect Earth’s surface materials and processes. The ocean supports a variety of ecosystems and organisms, shapes
landforms, and influences climate. Winds and clouds in the atmosphere interact with the landforms to determine
patterns of weather. (5-ESS2-1)
5-ESS2-2. Describe and graph the amounts and percentages of water and fresh water in various reservoirs to provide evidence about the distribution of water on Earth. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, ground water, and polar ice caps, and does not include the atmosphere.]
B. Nearly all of Earth’s available water is in the ocean. Most fresh water is in glaciers or underground; only a tiny fraction
is in streams, lakes, wetlands, and the atmosphere. (5- ESS2-2)
5-Ess3: Earth and Human Activity
5-ESS3-1. Obtain and combine information about ways individual communities use science ideas to protect the Earth’s resources and environment.
C. Human activities in agriculture, industry, and everyday life have had major effects on the land, vegetation, streams, ocean, air, and even outer space. But individuals and communities are doing things to help protect Earth’s resources and environments. (5-ESS3-1)
C. Human activities in agriculture, industry, and everyday life have had major effects on the land, vegetation, streams, ocean, air, and even outer space. But individuals and communities are doing things to help protect Earth’s resources and environments. (5-ESS3-1)
|
|
1. plasmodesma: a channel between plant cells that help move materials in and out of the cell.
2. amyloplast: a small organelle that synthesizes, or uses, starch (glucose) and also stores starches.
3. peroxisome: an organelle that has enzymes that cause metabolic reactions like the breakdown of fatty acids and converts them into carbohydrates.
4. Golgi body (complex): looks seeming like a stack of pancakes in the plant cell and its purpose is to process and package protein molecules, and ship them in and around and outside of the cell.
5. Golgi vesicles: an organelle that pinches off the Golgi body and transports the protein molecules around the plant cell.
6. tonoplasts: a semi permeable membrane around a vacuole that helps regulate what goes in and out of the vacuole.
7. central vacuole: the largest organelle in the center that pushes all the other organelles to the sides of a plant cell. They store water, ions, and waste. "turgor pressure" is the water pressure in a plant cell.
8. mitochondrion: this is the powerhouse of the cel that causes cellular energy.they do aerobic cellular respiration. They can self-replicate, and they have a singular strand of DNA.
9. chloroplast: these organelles perform photosynthesis by using a green pigment called chlorophyll, which is capable of capturing light energy. They can self-replicate, and they have a singular strand of DNA.
The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis:
2. amyloplast: a small organelle that synthesizes, or uses, starch (glucose) and also stores starches.
3. peroxisome: an organelle that has enzymes that cause metabolic reactions like the breakdown of fatty acids and converts them into carbohydrates.
4. Golgi body (complex): looks seeming like a stack of pancakes in the plant cell and its purpose is to process and package protein molecules, and ship them in and around and outside of the cell.
5. Golgi vesicles: an organelle that pinches off the Golgi body and transports the protein molecules around the plant cell.
6. tonoplasts: a semi permeable membrane around a vacuole that helps regulate what goes in and out of the vacuole.
7. central vacuole: the largest organelle in the center that pushes all the other organelles to the sides of a plant cell. They store water, ions, and waste. "turgor pressure" is the water pressure in a plant cell.
8. mitochondrion: this is the powerhouse of the cel that causes cellular energy.they do aerobic cellular respiration. They can self-replicate, and they have a singular strand of DNA.
9. chloroplast: these organelles perform photosynthesis by using a green pigment called chlorophyll, which is capable of capturing light energy. They can self-replicate, and they have a singular strand of DNA.
The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis:
|
|
10. cytoskeleton: a cellular scaffold that helps give a cell its shape and provides support for the cytoplasm.
11. nuclear pores: these are channels through the nuclear membrane that allow some substances to move in and out of the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm outside of the nucleus.
12. nuclear membrane (envelope): containing nuclear pores and surrounding the nucleus, it allows substances to move in and out of the nucleus
13. DNA in nucleoplasm: DNA is found coiled around proteins called histones that form a long strand called chromatin (chromatin when condensed forms chromosomes) DNA contains genes, which are codes for all genetic traits in organisms. DNA is abbreviated for deoxyribonucleic acid
14. nucleolus: the dense inner core within the nucleus that makes the protein subunits to make ribosomes.
15. nucleus: The "control center" of the cell. It stores and protects the genetic information (DNA) within.
16. rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER): RER is called rough because the ribosomes are on top of the membrane surface. They contain the protein products synthesized by the ribosomes and form vesicles to go to the Golgi body for further processing.
17. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): SER is smooth because it does not have ribosomes. The SER's function is to synthesize and store lipids (fats, waxes, and vitamin storage) and steroids.
18. ribosomes: organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis through a process called translation. they can be free floating in the cytoplasm or bound on the RER, which surrounds the nuclear membrane.
19. cytoplasm: the area of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It contains a liquid, the organelles and their functions, and where the specialized functions of the cell are carried out.
20: cell wall: this is the outermost coating of the cell. It is rigid and offers protection and structural support for the cell. This cell wall keeps it from expanding too much because of water entering the cell.
21. cell (plasma) membrane: This is a semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell. It too allows some substances to travel in and out of the cell.
11. nuclear pores: these are channels through the nuclear membrane that allow some substances to move in and out of the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm outside of the nucleus.
12. nuclear membrane (envelope): containing nuclear pores and surrounding the nucleus, it allows substances to move in and out of the nucleus
13. DNA in nucleoplasm: DNA is found coiled around proteins called histones that form a long strand called chromatin (chromatin when condensed forms chromosomes) DNA contains genes, which are codes for all genetic traits in organisms. DNA is abbreviated for deoxyribonucleic acid
14. nucleolus: the dense inner core within the nucleus that makes the protein subunits to make ribosomes.
15. nucleus: The "control center" of the cell. It stores and protects the genetic information (DNA) within.
16. rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER): RER is called rough because the ribosomes are on top of the membrane surface. They contain the protein products synthesized by the ribosomes and form vesicles to go to the Golgi body for further processing.
17. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): SER is smooth because it does not have ribosomes. The SER's function is to synthesize and store lipids (fats, waxes, and vitamin storage) and steroids.
18. ribosomes: organelles that are responsible for protein synthesis through a process called translation. they can be free floating in the cytoplasm or bound on the RER, which surrounds the nuclear membrane.
19. cytoplasm: the area of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It contains a liquid, the organelles and their functions, and where the specialized functions of the cell are carried out.
20: cell wall: this is the outermost coating of the cell. It is rigid and offers protection and structural support for the cell. This cell wall keeps it from expanding too much because of water entering the cell.
21. cell (plasma) membrane: This is a semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell. It too allows some substances to travel in and out of the cell.
